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This article includes railway colleges/universities/higher-educational-institutes in the Russian empire, the Soviet Union, and the Post-Soviet states (which includes the Russian Federation). Railway colleges are higher educational institutes which train students for railway careers, mainly in engineering. They differ from other colleges by offering various classes on railway topics (such as Railway electrification, railway operations, etc.) and most students major in some railway specialty. The Soviet Union inherited a few such colleges from the Russian empire and both expanded them and created many new railway colleges. After the demise of the Soviet Union and the resulting decline in railway transportation in the Post-Soviet states, most of these colleges (often renamed as a "University") continued to operate with government support. ==Introduction== Railway colleges during the Soviet era prepared students for careers in various aspects of railroading, primarily as engineers.〔(See the "Great Soviet Encylcopedia" (БСЭ) article on railway colleges )〕 During the Soviet period they were often known as "higher educational institutes" (for railways) оr vuz (вуз , (an acronym ), and this designation is still in use. In 1967 (Soviet period) they had a total of 215,000 students enrolled, about half of which were correspondence students.〔Personal letter dated Nov. 15, 1967 to David Lawyer from Professor Nicholas DeWitt (director of "International Survey of Educational Development and Planning" at Indiana University)〕 However, less than 7000 students graduated each year, mostly in engineering (such as electrical, mechanical, or civil engineering with emphasis on railway applications). Almost 10 years later (in 1976) they had a total of 130 thousand students: 50k daytime students, 12k nite school students, and 52k correspondence students. There were 21 different fields of study including 3 new ones: computer science, applied mathematics, and automatic control systems. During the 9th 5-year plan (1970-1975) they graduated 66 thousand engineers (a little over 12 thousand per years) which is more than reported for the 1960s per above.〔{Шипетовский, В.Н. "Бысокие требования к кадрам трансморта" (High requirements for transport workers) in ЖД Транс, #1, 1977 pp.63-70 (see p. 65)〕 In 1976 there were then a total of 15 institutes (vuz) and 86 Technikums. Today (2015), about 25 years after the demise of the Soviet Union that founded many of these colleges, railway universities are still quite active but the mission statements of the two largest ones don't even mention "railways". Instead, they imply their major mission is "transportation" which, of course, includes railways. Two major railway universities in 2015 are in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The Moscow "University" claims to be the 5th largest university in the world in terms of the number of students (about 60,000). 〔:В.П. Янелисом ("Газета «выстреливает» один раз ); Интервью с главным редактором студенческой газеты МИИТа «Инженер транспорта» В.П. Янелисом" (The newspaper is a one-shot deal ; Interview with the editor of the student newspaper of MIIT 'Transport Engineer' В.П. Янелисом) Политическое образование (Political Education (Internet Magazine)) Feb. 1, 2010.〕 This excludes correspondence students but might include students in the over 40 branches of the university in other cities and also might include students in the technikum (which is something like an advanced trade school) that merged into the university.〔Тамара Андреева: ("Подготовка специалистов Ориентиры «двойных» реформ" ) (Preparing specialists, orienting on double reform) in Транспорт России, № 13 (613) 25 March 2010.〕 However, only "17,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students" are claimed on the English part of the official university website:〔(About the university )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Railway colleges in the Soviet Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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